Pinealon occupies an unusual position among the compounds on this site: it has a real published literature, a real molecular identity and a real human study with a stated amount — and that amount cannot be used for the arithmetic the product invites. The figure was swallowed, and the product is a vial. This page reports what the literature states, separates the one tagged trial from the one paper that carries a number, and works the vial arithmetic while saying plainly what it does and does not rest on. It reports and does not recommend.
The Pinealon calculator runs the concentration and unit sums for any vial and volume, and the all-compounds chart carries the one-line version of every compound's figures side by side.
The molecule, and why its size matters
Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, three amino acids, molecular weight 418.40 (PubChem CID 10273502, read 2026-09-21). For comparison, Melanotan II is 1024.2 and VIP is 3326.8. A 418-dalton tripeptide is closer in size to a small drug molecule than to the chain peptides that fill the rest of this site, and that is the background to the one thing the literature does say about how it was given: it was given by mouth.
The compound also travels under a second name. In the Russian gerontology literature it appears as a "cytogen" and is described by its sequence, glutamyl-aspartyl-arginine, or abbreviated EDR. Searching for the trade name alone misses papers; searching the sequence finds 36 records where the trade name finds 22.
What the literature actually contains
| Record | What it is | Dose stated | Opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| PMID 23734521 (Adv Gerontol 2012) | The only clinical-trial-tagged record. 150 lorry drivers, 150 metal craftsmen | None — pinealon and vezugen named in combination, no amount, route or schedule | 2026-09-21 |
| PMID 22708445 (Adv Gerontol 2012) | Locomotive brigade workers, biological-age and adaptation measures | 100 mcg, one capsule, twice a day, two weeks | 2026-09-21 |
| PMID 28539017 (Adv Gerontol 2016) | 110 people, geroprotective methods compared | None for either peptide | 2026-09-21 |
| PMID 28509489 (Adv Gerontol 2015) | Work-ability index, small peptides as geroprotectors | None | 2026-09-21 |
| PMID 21978084 (Rejuvenation Res 2011) | Cell work: cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, PC12 | Concentrations in a dish, not human amounts | 2026-09-21 |
Twenty-two records in total, one of them tagged as a clinical trial, and the tagged one is not the one with the number. That inversion is worth stating on its own, because a reader who filters the literature the obvious way — clinical trials only — finds a study that names the compound and states no dose, and may reasonably conclude that the amounts circulating elsewhere came from somewhere better.
The figure, and the word that changes it
The sentence carrying the only human amount reads, in the published English abstract: "Workers of locomotive brigades used preparation during two weeks (1 capsule containing 100 mkg of Pinealon 2 times a day)."
Three things follow from it. The amount is 100 micrograms. The frequency is twice a day, so 200 mcg a day. And the route is oral, because a capsule is swallowed.
This site recorded that figure on 2026-09-18 in its all-compounds chart with the note that the route was not in the abstract. That note is wrong and is corrected today: the route is in the abstract, in the word "capsule". The correction matters because the compound is sold as a vial for injection, and a dose figure silently carried across from an oral study to an injected product is the most common way a plausible number becomes a wrong one. An oral tripeptide meets digestive enzymes and first-pass liver metabolism; how much of a 100 mcg capsule reaches the blood is not something the paper measured, so the injected amount that would be equivalent to it is not a number anyone currently has.
The vial arithmetic, stated for what it is
One U-100 unit is a hundredth of a millilitre. The table below is arithmetic about a vial, not a conversion of the oral figure into an injected one — no such conversion is possible from the published record.
| Vial | Water | Concentration | 100 mcg reads as | 200 mcg reads as |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | 1 mL | 10,000 mcg/mL | 1 unit | 2 units |
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5,000 mcg/mL | 2 units | 4 units |
| 10 mg | 3 mL | 3,333 mcg/mL | 3 units | 6 units |
| 20 mg | 1 mL | 20,000 mcg/mL | 0.5 units | 1 unit |
| 20 mg | 2 mL | 10,000 mcg/mL | 1 unit | 2 units |
| 20 mg | 3 mL | 6,667 mcg/mL | 1.5 units | 3 units |
The half-unit and one-unit rows are the practical finding. A draw of one unit sits at the bottom of what a U-100 syringe can be read to, and a misreading of half a unit at that size is fifty per cent of the amount. The arithmetic argument for more water rather than less is exactly this: the milligrams in the vial never change, so the only thing a larger volume costs is volume, and what it buys is a reading that a person can actually see.
How many amounts a vial holds is set by the milligrams alone and never by the water. At 200 mcg a day, a 10 mg vial is 50 days and a 20 mg vial is 100 — at any concentration in the table.
What is not established
No Pinealon product is registered anywhere that either registry consulted here can see: ClinicalTrials.gov returned zero studies and DailyMed zero labels on 2026-09-21. Both absences were checked in the same session against searches known to return results, so they are findings about those databases rather than artifacts of a malformed query.
The human literature reports the compound used in combination with a second peptide in every case where an outcome is claimed, which means no published human result is attributable to Pinealon alone. The laboratory literature is genuine and reports a dose-dependent effect on reactive oxygen species in three cell types (PMID 21978084), but a concentration in a dish is not a dose in a person and the paper makes no such claim.
The figures that circulate on vendor pages — 1 to 2 mg a day injected, or 20 mg orally — are between ten and two hundred times the single published human amount, and no source for them was found. That is the gap a reader most needs to see, and it is why this page gives the provenance of every figure rather than a range.
The mechanism and the evidence file are covered in Medibact's Pinealon guide. For the compounds whose published amounts are per kilogram rather than fixed, and which therefore behave differently again on a syringe, the Melanotan II reconstitution page works that case through. The ARA-290 dosage page is the opposite end of the evidence scale from this one: four registered trials and milligram doses that a single vial barely covers.